ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La dermatosis pustulosa subcórnea o enfermedad de Sneddon Wilkinson, es una enfermedad poco frecuente, caracterizada por lesiones pustulosas, recurrentes que suelen coalescer. Esta afección también se relaciona con enfermedades neoplásicas o inmunológicas. El propósito de este estudio es describir un caso clínico de ladermatosis referida en una paciente de 54 años de edad inicialmente tratada con dapsona, aunque,si bien, durante dos meses hubo mejoría, posteriormente se observa desarrollo de nuevas lesiones y alteración de las transaminasas. Por este motivo se procede a cambiar de tratamiento, por trimetoprima /sulfametoxazol.
Abstract Subcorneal pustular dermatosis or Sneddon Wilkinson's disease is a rare disease characterized by recurrent pustular lesions that often coalesce. This condition is also associated with neoplastic or immunologic diseases. The purpose of this study is to describe a clinical case of the referred dermatosis in a 54-year-old female patient initially treated with dapsone, although there was improvement for two months, subsequently new lesions developed and transaminase alteration was observed, for this reason the treatment was changed to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
ABSTRACT
Se cree erróneamente que los estreptococos del grupo A (EGA) son universalmente resistentes a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (TMS). Esto se debe a que la timidina presente en los medios habitualmente usados para determinar sensibilidad in vitro a antibióticos antagoniza el efecto antibiótico de TMS. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la sensibilidad de EGA a TMS, en presencia y ausencia de timidina. A tal fin, fueron analizados 95 aislamientos clínicos obtenidos de tejidos normalmente estériles con infección invasiva por EGA. La pruebas de sensibilidad por difusión con discos de TMS fueron realizadas en agar Mueller Hinton adicionado ya sea con 5% de sangre de carnero (MH-SC) o con 5% de sangre equina lisada (MH-SEL). La sangre equina lisada contiene timidina fosforilasa, que degrada este nucleósido. Como método de referencia se utilizó la epsilometría (Etest). El control de calidad con la cepa Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 fue satisfactorio para ambos medios. La sensibilidad a TMS por difusión fue 100% en MH-SEL; en agar MH-SC 6 (6.3%) aislamientos resultaron resistentes; por Etest todos fueron sensibles, excepto uno de esos seis que presentó sensibilidad intermedia (CIM = 1.5/28.5 μg/ml). En este aislamiento no se encontraron las mutaciones genéticas de EGA más frecuentemente asociadas a resistencia a TMS. Probablemente, si se establecieran mejores puntos de corte para difusión, específicos para EGA, podría optimizarse la correlación con métodos de dilución o con Etest, aun empleando MH-SC.
It is erroneously believed that group A streptococci (GAS) are universally resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS). This is mainly because media commonly used for in vitro determination of susceptibility to antibiotics contain thymidine, a nucleoside that antagonizes the antibiotic effect of TMS. The objective of this work was to determine EGA sensitivity to TMS in the presence and absence of thymidine. To this aim, 95 GAS isolates obtained from clinical tissues with i nvasive infections were analyzed. Susceptibility tests were performed by diffusion with TMS discs in Mueller Hinton agar supplemented either with 5% sheep blood or with 5% lysed equine blood (MH-LEB). Lysed equine blood contains thymidine phosphorylase, which degrades this nucleoside. Epsilometry (Etest) was used as gold standard. Quality controls with Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC 29212 were satisfactory with both media. A 100% sensitivity to TMS was found in MH-SEL whereas 6 isolates (6.3%) resulted resistant in MH-SC; only one of them was found to have intermediate susceptibility by Etest (MIC > 1.5/28 μg/ml). The genetic determinants most frequently associated to TMS resistant EGA were not found in this isolate. Probably, if more accurate GAS-specific cut-off points were established for diffusion, the correlation with dilution methods or with the Etest could be improved, even employing MH-SB.
Subject(s)
Humans , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Culture MediaABSTRACT
Trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (TMP-SMX) tiene actividad in vitro contra cepas de Staphylococcusaureus, en especial las cepas resistentes a la meticilina de la comunidad (SAMR-Co), Éste es considerado un antibiótico útil debido a su bajo costo, amplio espectro y posibilidad de administración por vía oral dada su adecuada biodisponibilidad y sabor agradable. Se realizó esta revisión narrativa de la literatura para evaluar el uso de TMP-SMX en comparación con otras opciones disponibles en el tratamiento de las infecciones por SAMR-Co en niños (AU)
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus, especially against community-acquired methicillin-resistant (CAMR) strains. It is considered to be a useful antibiotic because of its low cost, broad spectrum, and possibility of oral administration because of its adequate bioavailability and agreeable flavor. A review of the literature was performed to evaluate the use of TMP-SMX compared to available options for the treatment of CAMR infections in children (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Community-Acquired Infections , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Sulfametoxazol e trimetoprima (cotrimoxazol) é uma combinação de drogas amplamente usada no tratamento e profilaxia de inúmeras infecções sistêmicas. Esta droga e outras derivadas da sulfa podem causar uma síndrome ocular rara caracterizada por efusão coroidal supracililar com miopização transitória e glaucoma por fechamento angular. A maioria dos autores atribui o glaucoma ao edema do corpo ciliar que leva ao deslocamento anterior do diafragma irido-cristaliniano causando fechamento do ângulo camerular. Este trabalho descreve um caso raro no qual a síndrome ocorreu após o uso desta combinação de drogas e evoluiu para um desfecho desfavorável. Paciente de 49 anos, sexo masculino, branco com diagnóstico de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida iniciou tratamento profilático para Pneumocystis carinii com cotrimoxazol. Quatro dias após, apresentou quadro de dor ocular, hiperemia e quemose conjuntival, glaucoma agudo por fechamento angular com pressões intra-oculares maiores que 50 mmHg e efusão coroidal 360°, com os achados presentes nos dois olhos. Nesse mesmo dia, a medicação foi suspensa com diminuição da pressão intra-ocular após quatro dias. O paciente evoluiu com catarata total e phthisis bulbi bilateral nos dois meses subseqüentes. Os casos já descritos mencionam a melhora clínica completa do quadro ocular após a suspensão da medicação. Este seria o primeiro caso na literatura no qual a evolução foi desfavorável apesar do diagnóstico e da suspensão precoce da medicação causadora.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole) is an antibiotic combination widely used for infections treatment and prophylaxis. These and others sulfonamides have been implicated in a rare syndrome of choroidal effusion with transient myopia and angle-closure glaucoma. Previous cases reported in literature evolved to complete resolution after drug withdrawal. In contrast, we describe a rare case in which a patient developed the syndrome while taking cotrimoxazole, but did not recover visual acuity. A 49-year-old man started Pneumocystis carini prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole; four days later, the patient presented severe ocular pain, hyperemia and chemosis. Intraocular pressure reached more than 50 mmHg in both eyes a 360° choroidal effusion occurred. Medication was removed soon after the diagnosis was suspected and intraocular pressure decreased in four days. Even so total cataract and phthisis bulbi occurred in both eyes two months later. This would be the first case in the literature in which the outcome was unfavorable despite early diagnosis and withdrawal of the drug.